Saturday, April 11, 2009

The Devil's Bible




Codex Gigas

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The codex is the largest medieval manuscript in the world.

The Codex Gigas (English: Giant Book) is the largest extant medieval manuscript in the world[1]. It was created in the early 13th century in the Benedictine monastery of Podlažice in Bohemia, and is now preserved at the National Library of Sweden in Stockholm.[1] It is also known as the Devil's Bible due to a large illustration of the devil on the inside and the legend surrounding its creation.


[edit] Appearance

The codex is richly illuminated throughout.

The codex is contained in a wooden folder, covered with leather and ornamented with metal. At 92 cm (36.2in.) tall, 50 cm (19.7in.) wide and 22 cm (8.6in.) thick it is the largest known medieval manuscript[2]. It initially contained 320 vellum sheets, though eight of these were subsequently removed[3]. It is unknown who removed the pages or for what purpose but it seems likely that they contained the monastic rules of the Benedictines. The codex weighs nearly 75 kg (165 lbs.) and the vellum is composed of calf skin (or donkey according to some sources) from 160 animals.

[edit] History

The codex was created in the Benedictine monastery of Podlažice near Chrudim, which was destroyed during the 15th century. Records in the codex end in the year 1229. The codex was later pledged to the Cistercians Sedlec monastery and then bought by the Benedictine monastery in Břevnov. From 1477-1593 it was kept in the library of a monastery in Broumov until it was taken to Prague in 1594 to form a part of the collections of Rudolf II.

[edit] Swedish plunder

At the end of the Thirty Years' War in the year 1648, the entire collection was stolen by the Swedish army as plunder. From 1649 to 2007 the manuscript was kept in the Swedish Royal Library in Stockholm. The site of its creation is marked by a maquette in the town museum of Chrast.

[edit] Return to Prague

On September 24, 2007, after 359 years, Codex Gigas returned to Prague on loan from Sweden until January 2008 (on display previously at the Czech National Library).[4][5][6]

[edit] Content

The Codex includes the entire Latin Vulgate version of the Bible, except for the books of Acts and Revelation, which are from a pre-Vulgate version. Also included are Isidore of Seville's encyclopedia Etymologiae, Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews, Cosmas of Prague's Chronicle of Bohemia, various tractates (from history, etymology and physiology), a calendar with necrologium, a list of brothers in Podlažice monastery, magic formulae and other local records. The entire document is written in Latin.

Illustration of the devil, page 290. Legend has it the codex was created by a monk who sold his soul to the devil.

The manuscript includes illuminations in red, blue, yellow, green and gold. Capital letters are elaborately illuminated, frequently across the entire page. The codex has a unified look as the nature of the writing is unchanged throughout, showing no signs of age, disease or mood on the part of the scribe. This may have led to the belief that the whole book was written in a very short time (see Legend). But scientists are starting to believe and research the theory that it took over 20 years to complete.

Page 290, otherwise empty, includes a unique picture of the devil, about 50 cm tall. Several pages before this are written on a blackening vellum and have a very gloomy character, somewhat different from the rest of the codex. The reason for the different coloring is that when vellum is exposed to light it "tans", as vellum is made from animal skins, so over the centuries the pages that were exposed will have a darker color to them.

[edit] Legend

According to legend the scribe was a monk who broke his monastic vows and was sentenced to be walled up alive. In order to forbear this harsh penalty he promised to create in one single night a book to glorify the monastery forever, including all human knowledge. Near midnight he became sure that he could not complete this task alone, so he sold his soul to the devil for help. The devil completed the manuscript and the monk added the devil's picture out of gratitude for his aid.[1][7]

Despite this legend the codex was not forbidden by the Inquisition and was studied by many scholars.

Many aspects of the legend most probably originated in truth; however, due to the large portrait of Satan which would have been unique at the time, it is likely that the legend altered the truth so that the story could be retold in a more interesting way. Anyone from the time who looked at the book would most likely be drawn to the portrait of Satan, thus getting the impression that this was one of the book's focal points, explaining why people would believe that the monk made a pact with the devil. What many would have failed to see was that the page opposite this portrait was what is believed to be a picture of the kingdom of heaven. Now, many believe that double page spread was made to symbolize the fact that good and evil exist side-by-side, and nothing sinister.

What most likely happened is that the monk requested to produce the book in solitude, probably over a period of at least twenty to thirty years. Many monks would have used the copying of sacred texts as a method of purging their soul of evil, which could explain the monk’s motivation. The part of the legend that says that he was walled up alive as a punishment was probably a misinterpretation of his name, which is believed to be in Latin ‘Herman Inclusus’ or in English ‘Herman the Recluse’. This misinterpretation is understandable as the word ‘Inclusus’ could refer to either the punishment or voluntary solitude.

Tags: Devil's Bible, God, Jesus Christ, Holy Spirit, Holy Bible, Benedictine Order, Prague, Medieval, Legend, Monastic Vow, Latin, Codex Gigas, Manuscript, Stockholm, Sweden, Wikipedia, Bohemia, Czech National Library, Inquisition, Thirty Years War, Swedish National Library

Sourced From Wikipedia

Posted by: Mel Avila Alarilla

Philippines

Inspirational/Motivational

14 comments:

heiresschild said...

HAPPY EASTER to you and your family also Mel.

i never heard of the devil's bible before, but i'm not surprised because he counterfeits everything else.

EJ said...

Oh, I never knew that there is such a kind of Bible, i thought that Bible is only Good news.. Thanks for sharing the infos.

misty said...

Hello Kuya Mel, may ganyan palang Bible... Salamat for posting this, now I have a little idea that this ine exist.

ryliej said...

Happy Easter to you Kuyan and your Family!

Mel Avila Alarilla said...

Hi Sylvia,
Happy Easter too. Yes, the so called Devil's Bible was written by a Benedictine monk who was sentenced to be walled in by his superiors and who sold his soul to the devil so that he can finish the book as the legend says. Thanks for your visit and greetings. God bless you always.

Mel Avila Alarilla said...

Hi Joops,
There is. There are so many bogus gospels going around like the gospel of Judas and other apocryphal writings. Thanks for your visit and comments. God bless you always.

Mel Avila Alarilla said...

Hi Rose,
Actually I saw the story from the National Geographic and search for it at Wikipedia since National Geographic embed code is blocked and cannot be copied. Yes it is true and the Bible is now at Prague. Thanks for your visit and comments.

Mel Avila Alarilla said...

Hi Riliej,
Thanks for your greetings. Happy Easter too. God bless you always.

Tey said...

you did a very good research Mel. But for me, devil doesn't exist. It only exist if we let it come in. It can be hard to resist sometimes and this is where our faith must come in. Thanks Mel
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Pia said...

how very interesting. thanks for sharing. it's the first time i heard about this.

Mel Avila Alarilla said...

Hi Tey,
The devil does exist. Even Jesus Christ acknowledged that. Of course we should focus more on God than on the devil. Thanks for your visit and comments. God bless you always.

Mel Avila Alarilla said...

Hi sis Pia,
You can learn about it at Wikipedia and National Geographic although you can not copy from National Geographic since its embed code is blocked. It was called the devil's Bible because of the many caricatures of the devil and various incantations and spells featured liberally in its pages. Thanks for your visit and comments. God bless you always.

krystyna said...

It is interesting. Thank you Mel!
I think that it is good to know about this too, to understand God more.
God bless you!

Mel Avila Alarilla said...

Hi Krystyna,
Yes, we have to present all aspects of the spiritual world. This is well documented by Wikipedia and was also featured at National Geographic where I first saw it. Thanks for your visit and comments. God bless you always.


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